“Old & New Testaments”

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“covenant”: ברית (brit) / διαθηκη (diatheikei)

“Old Covenant” ≠ The Hebrew Scriptures

“New Covenant” ≠ The Apostolic Scriptures

Examples of Covenants:

• Noahide Covenant (Genesis 9)
• Abrahamic Covenant (Genesis 15 + 17)
• Abraham’s covenant w/Abimelech (Genesis 21)
• Isaac’s covenant w/Abimelech (Genesis 26)
• Jacob’s covenant w/Laban (Genesis 31)
• Mosaic Covenant (Exodus 20-23)
• The Sabbath Covenant (Exodus 31:16)
• Jonathon’s covenant w/David (1Samuel 18:3)
• Davidic Covenant (1Chronicles 17)

The New Covenant

Luke 22:20  And likewise the cup after they had eaten, saying, “This cup that is poured out for you is the new covenant in My blood.”

Q: What is the purpose of this “new covenant”? What are its conditions? Stipulations? Promises?

A: Jeremiah 31:31-34  “Behold, the days are coming,” declares Adonai, “when I will make a new covenant with the house of Israel and the house of Judah, not like the covenant that I made with their fathers on the day when I took them by the hand to bring them out of the land of Egypt, My covenant that they broke, though I was their husband, declares Adonai. For this is the covenant that I will make with the house of Israel after those days, declares Adonai …”

A – “I will put My Torah within them, and I will write it on their hearts…

B – “And I will be their God, and they shall be My people…

C – “And no longer shall each one teach his neighbor and each his brother, saying, ‘Know Adonai,’ for they shall all know Me, from the least of them to the greatest,” declares Adonai. “For …

D – … I will forgive their iniquity, and I will remember their sin no more.”

Exodus 24:7-8  Then he took the Book of the Covenant [Exodus 20-23] and read it in the hearing of the people. And they said, “All that Adonai has spoken we will do, and we will be obedient.” And Moses took the blood and threw it on the people and said, “Behold the blood of the covenant that Adonai has made with you in accordance with all these words.”

The covenant is not the Torah. It is the agreement to keep the Torah.

REFERENCES:

Exodus 31:16  Therefore the people of Israel shall keep the Sabbath, observing the Sabbath throughout their generations, as a covenant forever.

1 Samuel 18:3  Then Jonathan made a covenant with David, because he loved him as his own soul.

Romans 11:25-27  Lest you be wise in your own sight, I do not want you to be unaware of this mystery, brothers: a partial hardening has come upon Israel, until the fullness of the Gentiles has come in. And in this way all Israel will be saved, as it is written, “The Deliverer will come from Zion, he will banish ungodliness from Jacob”; “and this will be My covenant with them when I take away their sins.”

Matthew 5:17-19  “Do not think that I have come to abolish the Torah or the Prophets; I have not come to abolish them but to fulfill them. For truly, I say to you, until heaven and earth pass away, not an iota, not a dot, will pass from the Torah until all is accomplished. Therefore whoever relaxes one of the least of these commandments and teaches others to do the same will be called least in the Kingdom of Heaven, but whoever does them and teaches them will be called great in the Kingdom of Heaven.”

2 Timothy 3:14-17  But as for you, continue in what you have learned and have firmly believed, knowing from whom you learned it and how from childhood you have been acquainted with the sacred writings, which are able to make you wise for salvation through faith in Messiah Yeshua. All Scripture is breathed out by God and profitable for teaching, for reproof, for correction, and for training in righteousness, that the man of God may be complete, equipped for every good work.

Romans 7:12  So the Torah is holy, and the commandment is holy and righteous and good.

1 John 3:4 Everyone who makes a practice of sinning also practices Torah-lessness; sin is Torah-lessness.

Acts 15:21  “For from ancient generations Moses has had in every city those who proclaim him, for he is read every Sabbath in the synagogues.”